indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dodge; to evade; to avoid; to sidestep
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go out and away; to leave
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
of course; certainly; naturally
way to use something; treatment; management (of help)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
myself; yourself; I; me; you
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
being in love with each other
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
one-sided; unilateral; arbitrary
to press against; to push against; to force against; to foist on (task, responsibility); to impose (one's will)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel