jpdb beta

warrior; samurai

1

national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate

1

tide; current; tendency; trend

5

from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial

3

annoying; provoking

1

expectation; anticipation; purpose; intention; others' opinions of one; speculation

14

abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures (1871)

1

major powers of the world; great powers

6

to stand, walk, etc. shoulder-to-shoulder; to be on a par with

2

beyond one's means or position

1

running fast; double time; cantering; doing things in a hurry

3

western style or fashion

1

to praise extravagantly; to lionize; to lionise; to make much of

2

to scorn; to despise; to hold in contempt; to look down on; to disdain

18

sudden change; upheaval

3

plunge basin; waterfall lake; plunge pool; basin under a waterfall

1

(flower) petal

4

Asia

8

colonization; colonisation

1

Europe and America; the West

2

detonation by contact; contact detonation; touching off (something); triggering; sparking

1

to sit in a row; to be arrayed

1

enrich the country, strengthen the army (Meiji era government slogan)

1

political measures; policy

12

military service; conscription

1

Japan and Qing China

1

Japan and Russia; Russo-Japanese

1

Pacific War (1941-1945)

5

outbreak (e.g. of war); outburst; sudden occurrence

4

modernization; modernisation

3

injustice; impropriety; unreasonableness; undeserved; unfair; invalid

9

germ; germs; bacteria; something harmful; vermin

1

to stray into; to lose one's way (and enter); to wander into

17

famine; crop failure; chronic shortage (e.g. of water)

1

dry riverbed; river beach

9

deadly serious; deadly earnest

11

unfounded (e.g. rumour); groundless; baseless; completely untrue

4

slander; libel; defamation; calumny; smear

4

historic; historical; traditional

7

to fan (oneself, flames, etc.); to flap (in the wind); to instigate; to stir up; to drive up prices (by buying a large amount of something); to take a photo from a low angle; to tailgate

16

place of employment

1

engagement gift; (ceremonial) exchange of engagement gifts

1

marriage proposal; marriage talks

1

wastepaper; scrap paper

2

marriage

22

citizen; freemen

1

coverage of an exam; what an exam covers

1

rote memorization (memorisation); rote learning; indiscriminate memorizing (memorising)

1

to be certain of; to have faith in; to believe completely; to trust (someone completely)

6

to take pride in; to pride oneself; to be proud of

7