this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (of time); to elapse
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
relatively; comparatively
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
educational institution; school; academy; campus
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
distance; journey; itinerary; path (e.g. to one's goal); way; process
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
beginning; outset; first; onset
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
prohibition; inhibition; ban
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to be weary; to be worn out; to be fed up (with); to be sick of; to be dejected; to be dispirited
to talk; to chat; to chatter
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
recent state; present state; present condition; current status; current circumstances
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
for example; for instance; e.g.
suffix for familiar person