January; first month of the lunar calendar
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to become clear (water, air, etc.); to become transparent; to resonate clearly (e.g. voice); to become serene; to become tranquil; to pronounce as an unvoiced sound
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to rock; to shake; to swing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
adds force or indicates command
white stone; white (go pieces)
engineering firm; contractor
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hand over; to surrender
ago; since; before; previous
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of