indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
while; during; while; although; all; both
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to turn towards; to point
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
one thin flat object; one sheet
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker