indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
to freeze; to be frozen over; to congeal
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
standoffishly; primly; pungently (of a smell); acridly; long and pointed (e.g. of a nose); popping (of ears)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
time (three times, each time, etc.); times
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
scene; spectacle; sight; view
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
both hands; both arms; ten
to clasp together (esp. hands); to entwine (e.g. fingers)
while; during; while; although; all; both
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to repeat; to do something over again
number one; first; best; most; game; round
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state