from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
lead (in a cheer, toast, song, etc.); (someone's) lead; folk song and dance performed by a group; leader of a group of wind instruments (in gagaku)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
while; during; while; although; all; both
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cart (esp. a food cart); stall; festival float; portable shrine dedicated to a god and shaped like a house; stage prop fashioned after a large building; framework (of a house, etc.)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to gather; to collect; to assemble
people; men and women; each person; everybody
tumult; great noise; clatter; hustle and bustle
to push aside; to push one's way through
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
breath; breathing; tone; mood
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
surroundings; environs; circumference
noise (usu. unpleasant); interference (e.g. radio); static; gossip; irresponsible criticism
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to blow into; to breathe into; to inspire; to indoctrinate; to record (music, video, etc.)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
always; all the time; never; usual; regular