hot water; hot bath; hot spring; molten iron
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
hot spring district (within a town)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
peculiarity; uniqueness; characteristic
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sniff; sniff-sniff (esp. an animal); whining; whimpering
baa (sound of a sheep); meh
suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
as (for); for; in the capacity of
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such; like that; that sort of; very
meaning; significance; sense
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
I see; that's right; indeed
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited