to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
silence; being silent; quiet; reticence; inaction
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be softened; to calm down
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
betterment; improvement; kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)
far from; anything but; not at all; let alone; to say nothing of; not to mention
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
way; course; the only way
society; the world; the times
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
brief moment; blink of an eye (time span)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
where ... is concerned; when it becomes; if it becomes
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
inevitable; necessary; certain; inevitability; necessity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of