indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be shut; to close; to be locked; to tighten; to be tightened; to become sober
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
door; gate; opening; title page
departure (of a train, car, etc.); starting; leaving
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?