excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you; greeting used when entering someone's home
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
running away from home; elopement; (arch.) outing; (arch.) going out; (arch.) becoming a Buddhist monk; (arch.) entering the priesthood
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
very; greatly; much; just about to; almost; very nearly
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
impossible; unlikely; improbable
and; thereupon; because of that
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...