Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa); empress tree; foxglove tree
suffix for familiar person
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hard to please; moody; crusty; fastidious
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hot spring district (within a town)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
beach; seashore; captured pieces (in the game of go); captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
in name only; figurehead; (only) by name
anyone; anybody; everyone; everybody; whoever
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!