indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
field of flowers; flower garden; flower bed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
background chatter on a film, TV show, etc.; walla; rhubard; extras; background actors
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
how long; how far; how much
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to think over; to ponder; to ruminate; to reflect
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
fox (esp. the red fox, Vulpes vulpes); fox (i.e. a sly person); soba or udon topped with deep-fried tofu; light brown; golden brown
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
small quantity; little; little while; short distance