here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
change (personnel); transfer; reshuffle
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
woman; female; feminine gender
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to overwhelm (e.g. an opponent); to overpower; to overwhelm (someone with emotion); to move; to intimidate; to frighten
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
assignment (of a person to somewhere); attachment (of a person to another unit, organization, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
to speak distinctly; to speak clearly; to put it bluntly; to get to the point; to be frank
outsider; layman; amateur
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
views; opinion; discernment; pride; self-respect
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
much less; to say nothing of
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way