indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
moment; instant; just then; right at that moment; for a moment; for an instant
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
complete change; about-face
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
myself; yourself; I; me; you
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
to emit a voice; to emit a sound; to be able to speak
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to get blurred; to get hoarse; to get husky; to graze; to scrape
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to do physical exercise; to be physically active; (lit.) to move one's body
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible