signal; signalling; signaling; traffic light; traffic signal
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
counter-current; adverse tide; regurgitation (of blood)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
guess; speculation; supposition
region; limits; stage; level
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wherein; therein; thereinto
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
again; once more; a second time
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
meeting place; rendezvous (point); roll-call (assembly) point; appointed (designated) place
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
on the contrary; rather; all the more; instead
to be conspicuous; to stand out
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
safe (e.g. choice); secure; innocuous; acceptable; passable; satisfactory
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity