indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
arranging; ordering; sequence (e.g. DNA sequence); arrangement; array
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
(physical) form; shape; visage; (facial) features; form (as opposed to substance); manner (of action); (resultant) state
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to (see and) choose; to select; to diagnose (as); to judge; to estimate; to liken (to)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to manufacture; to produce; to raise (crops); to invent; to dream up; to create
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
killing time; keeping oneself occupied; time killer; wasting time; waste of time
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
shelving (a matter, plan, etc.); pigeonholing; tabling; keeping (goods) off the market (to adjust the supply-demand balance)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
shall ...; to assume; to suppose
now; the present time; just now; another; more
in detail; with great care; completely; fully
guess; conjecture; surmise
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
distortion; stretch; strained interpretation; technicality; casuistry; sophistry
strength; power; proficiency; ability
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
existence; possession; having; limited company
nothing but; none other than
only; merely; but; no more than
three; three years of age
woman; female; feminine gender
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
hair (on the head); (a) hair
four; 4; four years of age; ten o'clock (in the old time system); burakumin; cross grips
consists of; comprises; is made up of