indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
dozens; scores of; decades
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
such; this sort of; like this
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
than; in comparison to; rather than; over; above
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
pride; self-confidence; thinking highly of oneself; being proud of one's abilities or achievements
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
is something that; is that which
nice to meet you; I'm glad to make your acquaintance; how do you do?
parent; parents; dealer; banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
circumstances; condition; arranging; managing; lending money; raising money
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
last week; the week before
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
one's (living) environment
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
confusion; disturbance; commotion; chaos; disorder
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
senior high school; high school
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention