indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
major company; big company; front castle gate; force attacking the front of a castle
advertising agency; advertising firm; advertising company
finding employment; getting a job
to run around; to bustle about; to busy oneself
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
being able to hear something (clearly); clearness of a sound; reputation; renown; impression (that something gives off); respectability
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
trivial; not amounting to much; not enough to cause a problem; not as much as expected
enterprise; business; company; corporation
the rounds of tradesmen going door to door; route man; door-to-door tradesman; thief taker; secret policeman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang; to suspend; to lower; to reduce; to demote; to move back
rebate; commission; kickback
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
entertainment (of guests; esp. in the corporate world); treating (to food and drinks); wining and dining
to curry favour; to butter up; to fawn over; to humour someone (humor); to put in a good mood (e.g. a baby)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
results; record; grades; marks
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
other companies in the same business; rival firms
sharing; share (on social media); market share
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
coworker; co-worker; colleague; associate
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; contribution
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
day after day; day by day