important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
total darkness; pitch dark; bleak future; poor prospects
some; any; please; anyway; anyhow
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
repeated at intervals; every other (day, week, month, ...)
to telephone; to make a phone call
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
(swimming) pool; pool (billiards); pool (together)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to