back-facing; backwards; backward-looking; retrogressive; reactionary
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
paying back a favour; repayment (of an obligation, kindness, etc.)
wastepaper; scrap of paper; paper scraps
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
study; diligence; working hard; experience; knowledge; discount
to lend a hand; to give a hand; to help; to extend a helping hand
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
disorderly crowd; mob; rabble
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
rather; sooner; preferably
unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen
to push out; to project; to stick out; to hand over (e.g. to the police)
to knock (ideas) against each other; to present competing ideas; to have a lively exchange of ideas; to smash together; to crash into each other; to throw at each other
fighting with real swords; game played in real earnest
superficial; half-hearted; shallow
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
just what you'd expect from ...; that's just like (him, her, etc.); that's (exactly) why ...; that's (precisely) the reason ...
good; fine; excellent; favorable; favourable; satisfactory
best; supreme; wonderful; highest; maximum; most
antiquity; ancient times; bygone days; former times
river; stream; River; the ... river
base; basis; base (e.g. military); depot; base; base bag
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
to do up (hair); to dress; to arrange; to tie; to bind; to fasten
taste (in fashion, music, etc.); sense (e.g. of humour); flair
addressing (someone) without using a suffix such as "-san" or "-chan" (considered impolite)
laboratory; seminar room; professor's office
goes without saying; needless to say; obvious
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
to hold out; to extend (e.g. a hand); to present; to submit; to sacrifice; to give (up)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
beach; seashore; captured pieces; captured stones; Yokohama; (arch.) riverbank
after an interval of ... years; for the first time in ... years
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)