indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
dazzling; glaring; dazzlingly beautiful
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to close one's eyes partly; to squint; to smile with one's whole face; to look fondly at
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
evening glow; red sunset; afterglow (of sunset)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
overbearing; coercive; pushy; forcible; high-handed
arm; skill; efforts; ability
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
one tenth; one hundredth; one percent; one tenth of a sun; one quarter ryō (an old coin)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to pass (of time); to elapse
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
willpower; energy; vitality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to collapse into; to flop onto