again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
menu; schedule; program; (computer) menu
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
recommendation; advice; suggestion; encouragement
signboard; sign; draw; attraction; reputation (of a shop); name
thank you for waiting; sorry to have kept you waiting
mille-feuille (type of pastry)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
store interior; inside of a shop
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
food and drink; eating and drinking
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
bill (at a restaurant); check
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can
short; shortstop; short (circuit); short hair; short selling
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
viewing through a window; passing through a window; going through a window; doing through a window
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
in any way; to some extent; even if only a little
customer traffic; customers; custom
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that