to envy; to be envious of; to be jealous of
agricultural land; farmland
to take refuge in; to succeed in running away
fleeing in all directions; (in Japanese history, a reference to) farmers who abandoned their fields and fled to the cities or other districts to evade onerous taxes
neighboring countries; surrounding countries
eyesore; unpleasant sight; obstructing a view
one cause; one reason; one factor
to invade; to attack; to breach; to penetrate
participation in a war; going to war; taking part in a competition or contest
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
intercept; interception; counter-attack
whole nation; whole land; whole country
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
decline; degeneration; decay; waning; ebbing
to ask for trouble; to dig your own grave; to cut your own throat
retaliation; revenge; reprisal; retorsion; retortion
country; territory; domain; realm
bogging down; dragging on; turning into a quagmire; becoming mired in a mess
successive generations; successive emperors
to get stuck with (some job); to end up with (something unpleasant)
exceptional; unusual; extraordinary; unprecedented; singular
do-or-die resistance; resistance to the bitter end
defeat; loss; failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.); discount; loss (on a sale)
watchful waiting; careful supervision
leading; prominent; eminent; counting on one's fingers
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
to compile; to bring together; to weave; to put together; to bring to a conclusion; to wrap up
spare energy, time or money; remaining strength; reserve power; money to spare
downfall; ruin; collapse; destruction
to escape (disaster, death, etc.); to be saved from; to be rescued from; to avoid (e.g. punishment); to evade (e.g. responsibility); to avert
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
treaty; pact; convention; agreement
support; backing; aid; assistance
unable to do (as one wishes); able to do only with great effort; almost impossible to do; beyond one's control; not always turning out as one wishes; not going the way one wants it to
to be damaged; to receive damage