mountain (or hill) behind a house, village, etc.; side of a mountain that gets little sunshine; envious; jealous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from morning to evening; all day long
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to make sound (of an animal); to call; to cry; to make a meld call (e.g. pung, kong)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
evening cicada (Tanna japonensis)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
time around sunset; early evening
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
habit; behavior; behaviour; trait
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
(sudden) evening shower (rain)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
going back to sleep (e.g. after waking up in the morning)
rushing into; breaking into; storming; plunging into (war, etc.); embarking on (a new venture)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
educational institution; school; academy; campus
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
summer vacation; summer holiday
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
than; from; out of; except; but; more
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...