indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
item; something that one "just has to have"
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
prayer; grace (at meals); exorcism
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
pot; jar; dice cup; depression; basin (e.g. of a waterfall); aim; what one wants
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
ashes (of the deceased); remains from cremation
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
ingredient; (raw) material; unprocessed timber; raw timber; subject matter; topic
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time