indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
monster; monstrosity; giant; influential figure; monsterlike; over-demanding
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
stone; bijou; trinket; stone (unit of weight: 14lb); curling stone; curling rock
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)