yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
don't you think?; indicates question
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
lonely (place); remote; in the middle of nowhere
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
what (e.g. "what rudeness"); what (something) is like
happiness; well-being; joy; welfare; blessedness
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be needed; to be wanted
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
(arch.) poor; (arch.) unskillful; (arch.) clumsy; I; me
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
than; from; out of; except; but; more
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...