indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
footprints; record of page visitors (e.g. in social networking sites)
item; something that one "just has to have"
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
character; personality; (fictional) character; letter; character
(horse-drawn) cart; wagon; dray
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
acquisition; obtaining; coming to hand
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to be able (to); to be possible (to)