indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
people who lived in Kyushu in ancient times, and who opposed the state of Yamato
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
ninja; person trained in ninjutsu and employed for covert purposes in feudal Japan
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
shuriken; small throwing blade; throwing star
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
image; figure; figure; form; image
meeting up; gathering; assembly; set
evacuation; withdrawal; revocation; repeal; retreat
mouse; rat; dark gray; dark grey; slate (color, colour)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out