near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
clothing; costume; outfit; garment; dress
acquisition; obtaining; coming to hand
citizen; citizenry; city inhabitant; townspeople; bourgeoisie; middle class
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to be found; to be discovered
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
while; during; while; although; all; both
torch (made of pine, bamboo, reed, etc.); flambeau; torchlight
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
before I knew it; next thing you know; when I came to
to light (a candle, lamp, etc.); to turn on (a light)
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
duty; function; office; mission; task
visual confirmation; sighting
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
daytime; during the day; Japan and China
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ; to vary; to disagree
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining