indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
the world; the earth; this world (as opposed to heaven)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
caller; visitor; company; guest
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
welcome!; nice to see you!
sky; air; ether; firmament; the heavens
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hostility; antagonism; opposition
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in that way; thus; so; so?
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
to loiter; to putter; to prowl; to wander about; to roam about; to knock around
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)