above ground; on the ground; earth's surface; this world; this earth
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
three; three years of age
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play a leading role; to play a central part
equilateral triangle; regular triangle
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
arrangement (of resources); deployment; stationing; posting; disposition; configuration
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
establishment; institution; installation (of a machine or equipment)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
other side; opposite side; other party