for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
in that way; thus; so; so?
excitement; stimulation; agitation; arousal
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
malicious; ill-tempered; unkind
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
entry into a castle (by a conquering force)
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said