indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
repair; mending; fixing; servicing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
enclosing wall; boundary fence; obstacle; barrier
gate (for entry, boarding, etc.); gate; logic element
up to now; so far; traditional; conventional; usual
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
and then; in addition to that; also; even so
Mary (mother of Jesus); the Virgin Mary; Mary (of Magdala); Mary Magdalene
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
there; over there; genitals; private parts; that far; that much
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to drive away; to order off; to chase away; to force into an unpleasant situation (bankruptcy, prostitution, suicide, etc.)
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
overthrow; defeat; bringing down; knockdown
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent