Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
why; how; for what reason
honorific/polite/humble prefix
alone; by oneself; on one's own
enemy camp; enemy line; last 3 rows of the board
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
the other day; lately; recently
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be caught; to be captured; to be taken prisoner; to be seized with (fear, etc.); to be a slave to; to stick to
cloistered emperor; ex-emperor who has become a monk
(urban) prefecture (i.e. Osaka and Kyoto); centre (e.g. of learning); center; (government) office; fu (administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
clear; obvious; evident; bright; light
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to scatter; to sprinkle; to distribute (flyers, etc.); to give out; to shake off (a pursuer, companion, etc.); to give the slip
false rumor (rumour); groundless rumor; misinformation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
so-so; passable; now, now; there, there; my, my; oh my!
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)