indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
practice; practising; exercises; manoeuvres; seminar (student debates, presentations, etc.); practicum
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
while; even though; despite
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
going on a pleasure jaunt
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
manner of speaking; mode of expression; way of saying something; at the same time as speaking; as one speaks
besides; in addition; also; moreover
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
to fish; to angle; to catch; to lure in; to tempt; to attract
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly
lukewarm; tepid; half-hearted; vague; lenient; mild
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it,...; I mean
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to be caught in; to be stuck in; to stop by; to drop in for a short visit; to get mixed up in (trouble); to get entangled in (a problem); to fall for (a trick)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
is something wrong?; what's wrong?; what's the matter?; slightest; mere; trivial
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
matter being discussed (e.g. in a private conversation); it's not your business; it doesn't matter (to you); our side of the story (in contrast to another's version)