at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
people; men and women; each person; everybody
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel around for; to fumble for; to investigate; to probe into; to explore (parts unknown); to enjoy (natural beauty)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
laboratory; seminar room; professor's office
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
(university) president; chancellor; principal; provost
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
exit; gateway; way out; outlet; vent; leak
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
class; heading; group; category
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be ruined; to go under; to perish; to be destroyed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; first name
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt