indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Dominic; Dominick; Dominik
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue
zealous; enthusiastic; ardent; fervent; keen; eager
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to feel; to sense; to experience
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
danger; peril; hazard; risk
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
notebook; memo pad; certificate; identification card