indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
purchase; buying; buying used articles as a company; trade-in; purchase on a no-return policy; lump-sum payment
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
exit; gateway; way out; outlet; vent; leak
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to forget completely; to leave behind
cavern; cave; cave system; grotto
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
exhibiting; showing; putting on display; putting up for sale; entering (a work into a competition); submitting
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
being without a name; being nameless; namelessness
traveller; traveler; wayfarer; tourist
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
although; but; even though; I wish that
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so