indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
war potential; military strength; fighting power; ability (to compete); capabilities; valuable asset
capitulation; surrender; submission; yield
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
cold; chill; cold weather; cold wave; cold air
to be visible to; to be seen by; to meet one's eyes
sea of trees; broad expanse of dense woodland; abundant leafage
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ice; shaved ice (usually served with flavored simple syrup)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
vivid; bright; brilliant; skillful; skilful; adept
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to put on; to wear; to be clad in; to twine around; to twist around; to coil around
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
coincident with; while; simultaneously
in that way; thus; so; so?
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
name; given name; first name
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra)
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
training; drill; practice; discipline