black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
sea of trees; broad expanse of dense woodland; abundant leafage
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
older sister; elder sister
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
car; automobile; motorcar; motor vehicle; auto
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to hear by chance; to hear by accident; to catch (the sound)
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to go up the stairs; to climb the stairs
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
good humour (humor); good mood
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to work (for, at, in); to be employed (at); to finish (a term); to serve (e.g. a sentence); to conduct (a ceremony); to perform (a Buddhist memorial service)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
department (in an organization, company, etc.); division; club (at a school, university, etc.); team; part; portion
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to walk about; to walk around; to walk to and fro; to pace around; to wander
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
time; hour; period; class
irregular; unsystematic; unsteady; disorderly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
company; firm; (Shinto) shrine; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.; incorporated body
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel; castor; caster
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to send; to dispatch; to see (someone) off; to escort; to bid farewell to (the departed); to say goodbye to; to spend (time)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common