indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
to fill (with); to be filled with; to express (an emotion); to project (sadness, joy, etc.); to wear (e.g. a smile)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to shine; to glitter; to be bright
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
quiet (place); still; silent; inconspicuously; modestly; quietly
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
to sink (e.g. a ship); to submerge; to lower (e.g. one's body into a chair); to floor (an opponent)
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
sticky; gluey; gummy; stickiness; something sticky
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to push through (a crowd, vegetation, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the grass; grassy place (esp. with long dense grass)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
bamboo grass; generally smaller species of running bamboo that do not shed their sheaths (e.g. Sasa spp.)
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
drop (e.g. of water); drip
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
lukewarm; tepid; disagreeably warm (e.g. bath)
to dash against (of waves); to billow; to roll; to wave (e.g. in the wind); to heave; to pound (of a heart)
to push; to press; to apply pressure from above; to press down; to stamp (i.e. a passport); to apply a seal; to affix (e.g. gold leaf)
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge