one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to turn over (face down); to lay face down; to point downwards (eyes, head, etc.); to cast down (eyes); to lie (one's body) face down; to lie flat (on the ground)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
pine tree growing on a rock
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to set off to advantage; to bring into prominence; to support; to favor; to rouse (spirits); to march (a prisoner) off
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
open air; outdoors; outside
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to bring (somebody into a place); to lead into
two persons; two people; pair; couple
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
stinking; smelly; suspicious; fishy; clumsy; unskilled
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to assail the nostrils (smell); to go nose-to-nose (with someone)
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
relatively; comparatively
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all