illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
second month of the lunar calendar
vibration; flickering; jolting; tremor
opening; start; opening credits; title sequence; theme song (played during the opening credits of a TV show, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
accession to the throne; enthronement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
passage (of time); elapsing; progress; development; transit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
cooperation; collaboration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
reform; reformation; reorganization
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
meanwhile; in the meantime; by the same token; in contrast
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
recent state; present state; present condition; current status; current circumstances
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
meeting together; introduction; costarring; appearing together; being matched; facing off
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
frequency (of occurrence)
to lessen; to decrease; to diminish
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability