table of contents; contents
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing; composition; essay; sentence
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
emoticon; smiley; kaomoji
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to contain; to comprise; to hold in the mouth; to bear in mind; to understand; to express (emotion, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to cease; to stop; to be over
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
(all) at once; at the same time; in one go; right away; in an instant
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
shoe; shoes; boots; footwear; footgear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take down; to bring down; to drop off (a passenger); to let off; to withdraw (money); to use for the first time; to wear for the first time
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to lose one's way; to get lost; to waver; to hesitate; to give into temptation; to lose control of oneself