indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one's last moment; one's death; one's end
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
orphan; person without friends
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to start a journey; to embark on a trip; to set forth; to hit the trail
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
disguising oneself as a man; dressing as a man (for a woman); male clothing
genius; prodigy; natural gift
cavalry; cavalryman; trooper
infantry; infantryman; foot soldier
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
android; artificial human; robot
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
crowd of people; great number of people; in great numbers
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to gain a victory; to win
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days