indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
slanting; tilted; sloping; distorted (feeling); slanted (e.g. view of the world); bad (mood)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
to gulp down (a drink); to slurp
to soar; to fly high; to be whirled up; to make merry; to be ecstatic; to be in high spirits
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
(right at the) side; just beside
to blow (of the wind); to blow (one's breath); to breathe out; to play (a wind instrument); to blow (a whistle, trumpet, etc.); to emit (smoke, fire, etc.); to spout
to scatter; to cause a shower of; to disperse; to distribute; to resolve (a symptom, condition, etc.); to relieve
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
last night; yesterday evening
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
remains; traces; (the sorrow of) parting; end
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
study; library; den; home office; reading room
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to shake; to sway; to waver
sample; specimen; pattern; model; example
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
cluster of trees; grove; thicket
dimly; faintly; absentmindedly; vacantly; idly; aimlessly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
metre; meter; meter; gauge
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)