military campaign; battle; war
than; from; out of; except; but; more
three; three years of age
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
supremacy (over a nation); hegemony; domination; championship; victory
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
should; must; -able; probably; likely
calamity; disaster; accident
small; little; tiny; insignificant; humble; modest
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
prologue; prolog; Prolog (Programming in Logic)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
to arrive (at one's destination); to reach; to come to a head; to reach a conclusion; to culminate (in)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash