illustration appearing in the first pages of a publication; frontispiece
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
binding (of a book); design (of a book cover)
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
fresh; refreshing; invigorating; clear (e.g. voice); fluent; eloquent
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
adjective; i-adjective (in Japanese)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one night; one evening; all night; overnight
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to gouge out; to excavate; to hollow; to bore; to drill; to carve (e.g. pumpkin)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
and (so); (and) then; because of which; in addition to that